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Cafeterias. The university contracts out the operation of eight cafeterias on campus. Six are run by Sodexo Marriott Management Services; two, the cafeterias in Botterell Hall and the Biosciences Complex, are run by Brown's Fine Foods. Of the six Marriott cafeterias, two ñ those in Leonard Hall and Ban Righ Hall ñ are primarily geared to students living in residence or those who have purchased meal plans, although single meals can also be purchased. The jean royce hall cafeteria at west campus caters to both meal-plan and cash-paying customers. The other three are for cash-paying customers only. These are the Sidewalk Cafe in the john deutsch university centre, and cafeterias in Mackintosh-Corry Hall and Humphrey Hall. The university has a Director of Food Services who manages the university's contracts with the two companies, and who reports to the Director of residences and the Associate Dean (student affairs). In 1999, Food Services signed a contract with Coca-Cola to provide the university with a single beverage contract on campus.

Cameron, Col Angus. A retired army officer and exercise buff, Cameron taught Queen's first gym classes in 1860 and is considered the founder of the university's athletics program. A resident of Garden Island just north of Wolfe Island, Cameron had tried to start gym classes at Queen's in 1857, but was unable to secure the board of trustees' support until the alma mater society threw its weight behind the idea in 1860. In his proposal to the Board, Cameron wrote that students needed exercise to "invigorate the frame...and rest the mind," and, consistent with his military interests, that every student in Canada should learn how to "defend himself and his country." He was careful to add that Queen's gym would be "retired from jeering spectators," an indication of the low esteem in which athletics were then held. The first gym was a small room in summerhill fitted out with "vaulting cross-bars, ladder-ropes, and a few other items." Cameron favoured exercises "of a military nature" such as those "with dumb-bells and clubs as in the army" and trained students in these exercises three to four hours a week for several years. It is unclear when his connection with the university came to an end.

Campaign for Queen's. With a goal of $ 200 million, the Campaign for Queen's is the most ambitious fund-raising initiative in the University's history. The Campaign is a catalyst for Queen's to achieve a vision of preparing leaders and citizens for a global society and becoming one of the world's great universities. Four key themes were established as part of the Queen's Vision: To attract and retain outstanding students; To stimulate exceptional research and teaching;To provide rigorous, relevant, and challenging programs of study; To prepare graduates for roles as leaders and citizens. The Campaign for Queen's supports these goals by funding: scholarships and student aid to achieve a long term aim of "means blind admission, the largest renewal of Queen's infrastructure ever, and endowments to attract and retain the very best faculty. In 1999, the Queen's community endorsed the Campaign for Queen's by contributing a total of $ 36.8 million. The Campaign was launched publicly in October 2000 and is expected to conclude in the Fall of 2002.

Campbell, The Rev Peter Colin (1810-1876). This Scottish cleric holds the distinction of being the first professor ever appointed by Queen's. He was born and educated in Scotland, but immigrated to Canada as a young man. He was serving as a Presbyterian minister in Brockville when, in 1840, he accepted a post as professor of classics at Queen's. Although this made him the university's first academic appointment, it was not until two years later, on 7 March 1842, that he and the newly-appointed Principal thomas liddell taught Queen's first classes, in a house on colborne street. He taught at Queen's until 1844, when a schism in the presbyterian church divided the university and led to his departure (for more on this, see presbyterian church schism). He returned to Scotland to serve as minister in a small parish, but soon took up an appointment at Aberdeen University, where he ended his career as the university's Principal. He is one of two Queen's faculty to serve in that post: Principal William Hamilton Fyfe left Queen's for the principalship of Aberdeen in 1936.

Campus. See main campus and west campus.

Campus Bookstore. The bookstore was originally established in 1909, by two engineering students who wanted to provide inexpensive textbooks for students. Since then, despite the growth of the university and the store itself, the connection to the Engineering Society (see faculty societies) has been maintained, making the bookstore the only student-owned and student-operated campus bookstore in Canada with a history of successful operation. In 1929, the Engineering Society gave the store its first professional manager; in 1963 the bookstore was incorporated as a non-profit corporation, called queen's university engineering society services inc. A majority of the board members of QUESSI must be undergraduate Faculty of applied science students. (For more on the composition of the QUESSI board, see that entry.) The senate bookstore committee provides a channel of communication between faculty and students and the QUESSI board. Today, the bookstore keeps a stock of all required textbooks for all courses offered by the university, along with a wide range of general interest and reference books, other academic supplies, and gift items. Most of its books are offered at a discount below list price. In 2000, the bookstore launched an online textbook review service, in which students around the world offer input on texts being used for courses. The bookstore is located in Clark Hall.

Campus Escort Service. This service, run by Campus Security, provides an escort between on-campus locations for anyone at any time. It could be used, for example, by someone working on campus late at night who wants to be accompanied to their car or bus-stop, or by someone moving a large amount of money from one building to another. One way of arranging an escort is by using one of the university's blue assistance telephones. The Campus Escort Service is distinct from the walkhome service, provided by the alma mater society. The Campus Escort Service operates primarily during off-duty hours for the Walkhome Service.

Campus Mail. See postal services.

Campus Planning and Development, Department of. The department is responsible for coordinating the physical planning of the university in response to academic and related needs. Its goal is to help create and maintain a quality learning and work environment, with long-term planning issues in mind. It conducts studies for the campus plan, establishes design guidelines and administrative procedures for capital projects, and advises on matters related to campus planning and development. Its services include campus planning, space planning, feasibility analysis, facilities planning and design, signage implementation, landscape architecture and project management. The department is responsible to the Vice-Principal (Operations and Finance) and is located in the Rideau Building.

Campus Road. This is the name of the short road that extends from Union Street opposite the Jock Harty Arena to the rear of Theological Hall.

Campus Security. This department, located on the 2^nd floor of Fleming Hall, Jemmett Wing administers the university's round-the-clock security program. Security staff (including a supervisor) are on duty 24 hours a day. The security program includes the Campus Escort Services, the Emergency Report Centre, and Emergency Telephones (see separate entries). Security is responsible to the Vice-Principal (operations and finance).

Canada Foundation for Innovation/Ontario Challenge Fund Task Force. Please see Queen's University Infrastructure Programs Task Force (eQUIP).

Canada-Asia Business Relations, Centre for. The goals of this Queen's centre, officially opened in 1992, are to improve Canadian understanding of the Asia-Pacific region, assist Canadian businesses to develop and improve trading relations with Asian countries, and promote cooperation between Canada and Asia. To these ends the centre had undertaken a variety of activities in three areas: educational activities for executives doing business in Asia, applied research related to the Asia-Pacific region, and programs for students. This centre closed in 1998.

Canada-Russia Health and Social Development Project. A joint program between Queen's University and the University of Western Ontario, this program involves the Queen's University's International Centre for the Advancement of Community Based Rehabilitation (ICACBR) and promotes a health care model for Russia that focuses on independent living and community involvement. In 1994, members of the ICACBR in conjunction with faculty members of the University of Western Ontario and Queen's University, were invited to Russia to observe the health care system and assess the potential role of nursing management, occupational therapy and disability advocacy particularly in Volgograd, Russia. The visiting Canadian university faculty members drafted a proposal to create a Canada Russia partnership to advance the development of disabled consumer organizations and to create two new health disciplines initially in Volgograd and eventually in Moscow. The Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), agreed to fund the proposal with a $1.8 million grant. This program is part of the ICACBR.

Canadian Institute of Guided Ground Transport. This Queen's institute was founded in 1970 as a research and information centre for the rail industry in Canada and overseas. It was one of the major rail research groups in North America, with research programs in the areas of track structures, freight operations, costing, and passenger systems. The institute also ran a large library on various aspects of the rail industry. It was founded with financial help from the major Canadian railways and Transport Canada, and supported itself through contract research. The institute reported to the School of graduate studies and research. It was located off campus at 598 Cataraqui Woods Drive, Kingston. This institute closed in 1994.

Canadian Microelectronics Corporation. This non-profit corporation, located on Queen's campus, offers services to support Canadian universities in research in all aspects of microelectronics, and assists Canadian industry in accessing and effectively applying microelectronics technology. Its services include lending specialized equipment and software for research purposes; providing sophisticated communication links; supporting integrated circuit design activities across the country; and monitoring and disseminating up-to-date information on developments in the microelectronics field. The principal funder is the Natural Sciences and Engineering Council (NSERC). Some industries provide manufacturing at no cost. Member organizations include 42 post-secondary institutions and 25 Canadian companies. The corporation was established in 1984. It evolved out of the NSERC-funded VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) Implementation Centre in the Department of electrical engineering, which helped Canadian universities to have their custom-integrated circuits manufactured by Northern Telecom. The company's main headquarters are located in Carruthers Hall.

Canadian Post-Secondary Student Leadership Conference, The. Established in 1997 by a Queen's student and run through the Faculty of Arts and Science, this event brings students from across Canada together in the National Capital Region to discuss and reflect on the issues and challenges of leadership. Formerly known as the Canadian Student Leadership Conference, the event was initially scheduled biennially, with conferences being held in 1997, 1999 and 2001. Following the completion of the 2001 conference, both the name and the scheduling changed. As of 2002, the Canadian Post-Secondary Student Leadership Conference will be held every year. The conference has grown into one of Queen's most successful student-run events attracting a wide variety of high-profile speakers from both the public and private sectors, Bob Rae, former Ontario premier, Phil Fontaine, former chair of the Assembly of First Nations and Roch Carrier, National Librarian of Canada.

Canadian Union of Public Employees. See unions.

Canadian Studies, Department of.Canadian Studies at Queen's is an interdepartmental program designed to create a flexible and balanced undergraduate experience for students interested in the study of Canada. Canadian Studies students may choose to focus their studies in History, English, Political Studies, Sociology, Economics or French. Some of the events organized over the past few years include symposiums on Instruments of Social Change and Rethinking Native History.

Cancer Research Laboratories.The Queen's University Cancer Research Laboratories (QCRL) are occupied by a multi-disciplinary group comprised of seven principal investigators with appointments in the departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Oncology, Pathology, and Pharmacology and Toxicology, together with approximately 60 graduate and postdoctoral trainees, technologists and research associates. Members of the group are engaged in molecular, cellular and translational studies in various areas of cancer biology, including: drug resistance and metabolism, tumor progression and the regulation of cell growth, proliferation and differentiation. The current group was formed in 1987 with the creation of a research chair for the director, the Stauffer Chair in Basic Oncology, which was endowed by the Stauffer estate, and with the support of a Terry Fox Team Development Award in 1988 from the National Cancer Institute of Canada. With the formation of the Queen's Cancer Research Institute in 2001, the QCRL were joined by two additional investigators from the departments of Pathology and Pediatrics to become the Institute's division of Cancer Biology and Genetics. Research in the QCRL is supported by funds from Cancer Care Ontario, the National Cancer Institute of Canada, The Terry Fox Foundation, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research Research, the US Department of Defense Breast Cancer Research Program, the Canadian Breast Cancer Research Initiative, the Leukemia Society, the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario and Queen's University, as well as collaborations with the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries.

Cancer Research Institute. This Institute was formally established by the Board of Trustees in June 2001. Its goal is to create an environment that represents the full spectrum of cancer research and to provide opportunities for collaborative research and multidisciplinary training. The Institute has three divisions: Cancer Biology and Genetics, which includes the Cancer Research Laboratories (see entry) plus investigators with a primary focus on Cancer Genetics; Cancer Clinical Trials, which includes the NCIC Clinical Trials Group (see entry); and Cancer Care and Etiology, whichincludes the Radiation Oncology Research Unit (see entry) plus investigators with a primary interest in environmental causes of cancer. The Institute will be housed in a a 30,000- square-foot extension to Botterell Hall, with construction expected to begin in fall 2001. The Institute is led by a director, who reports to the Dean of Medicine.

Candelighting Ceremony. This is a welcoming ceremony for first-year women students that dates from 1889 ñ just 11 years after women were first admitted to degree programs at Queen's. The first ceremony is said to have taken place in one of the rooms under the tower in theological hall, but for most of this century, the ceremony has been held in grant hall, at the beginning of the fall term. Traditionally, each first-year student at the ceremony was matched with an upper-year woman. Both would carry a candle and the upper-year student would symbolically welcome the junior student to the university by lighting her candle from her own. The ceremony also included speeches from a prominent female guest, usually from outside the university, and from prominent women within the university, including the Dean of Women. A standard text of welcome was also read at every Candlelighting Ceremony. As the number of women at Queen's grew rapidly in the 1950s and 1960s, the pairing of senior and junior students came to an end. First-year students lit their candles instead from faculty representatives who walked through the hall with candles lit from a central flame. About the same time, some other customs that bore the peculiar stamp of the 1950s emerged. For example, each candle was tied with a coloured ribbon and the women were told that the colour indicated which faculty her future husband would come from; a red ribbon meant she would marry a man in arts, yellow meant an engineer, and so on. They were also told that the number of drips of wax on their candle foretold how many children they would have. These customs survived well into the 1980s before protests from students and some women faculty brought them to an end.

In recent years, the ceremony has lost much of its old formality. There is still a guest speaker and a standard text of welcome, but students are encouraged to be more spontaneous and to sing, play music, or recite poetry. The ceremony was originally organized by the levana society, which represented women's interests on campus from 1888 until it joined the arts and science undergraduate society in 1967. Since then it has been organized by a variety of other organizations and is currently the responsibility of women students included in the Committee on Women's Affairs in Alumni Affairs.

Canterbury Centre. Located at 90 queen's crescent, Canterbury Centre is the home of the university's Anglican campus ministry. It has a part-time chaplain, and offers a variety of activities for students, including counselling, referrals, and ecumenical worship services. Formally known as Canterbury House, the centre has been located at its present location since 1984, but Canterbury clubs have existed on North American campuses, including Queen's, for much longer.

Career Services. This office offers a variety of services and programs to help students find summer jobs and permanent jobs and to plan their careers after graduation. It organizes on-campus recruiting by business and government, keeps up-to-date notices of available permanent, part-time and summer jobs, and runs a career information system (see information technology services). It also houses a library of information on graduate and professional schools and career development, and offers career counselling and workshops in resume-writing, interviewing, and planning a job-hunt. The service is responsible to the Dean of Student Affairs. It is located in Macgillivray-Brown Hall at the corner of Barrie Street and Earl Street.

Carruthers Hall. Built in 1890, Carruthers Hall houses CFRC Radio, the Canadian Microelectronics Corporation, and miscellaneous research and administrative offices. It was the first building at Queen's built for strictly scientific purposes. It opened in 1891 as Queen's "science hall" and in 1893 was occupied by the ontario school of mining and agriculture, which was affiliated with Queen's and later became the university's Faculty of applied science. It is named after the Kingston businessman John Carruthers, who supplied the funds for its construction. It was the first building in Kingston to be fitted with electric lighting.

Cataraqui Building. Completed in 1969, the Cataraqui Building houses the School of nursing. It is one of two buildings at Queen's named after waterways in the Kingston region; the other is the rideau building -- constructed at about the same time. It is located at the corner of Barrie Street and Deacon street.

Ceilidh. Pronounced "kaylee," "ceilidh" is the gaelic word for an informal gathering for music, dance, and storytelling. The Upper and Lower Ceilidhs are open spaces at the heart of the John Deutsch University Centre that are used for a variety of university and community activities.

Central Heating Plant. A local landmark because of its huge chimney, this waterfront plant was originally built in 1923 and was radically overhauled in the early 1970s. It supplies steam for the heating of Queen's main campus, west campus, Kingston General Hospital, Hotel Dieu Hospital, and St Mary's of the Lake Hospital. The old limestone building which stands near the base of the plant's huge chimney was the original plant and once housed the Department of mechanical engineering. The original plant was designed by Queen's engineering professors and replaced an earlier version attached to fleming hall which had also been designed by engineering faculty. The plant is located on the Kingston waterfront near the intersection of King Street and Lower university avenue. Queen's owns the plant, but there is an agreement with KGH whereby the hospital shares in capital improvements and the maintenance of the plant.

Centre FranÁophone, Le. This drop-in centre at 195 University Avenue offers a comfortable setting where francophones and people interested in learning French can congregate in a French atmosphere. It serves both Queen's and the Kingston community by offering non-credit courses in conversational French, French-speaking monitors to help people learn the language, and various cultural and social activities. It is also an information centre for various local services and activities in French. The centre is responsible to the Vice-Principal (Academic).

Centres. The term "centre" is used to describe several different kinds of organization at Queen's. The most common type of "centre" is the academic research centre, which brings together faculty, often from different disciplines, for research, publication, organization of conferences, or other activities related to a particular area of study. They all have formal constitutions approved by the senate, after consideration by (among others) the senate committee on academic development; all are headed by a director, and report to the School of graduate studies and research. According to the current Senate definitions, they are identical in all but name to institutes, although amendments were being planned in 1993 that may reserve the name "institute" in the future for the most substantial and important of these bodies. Both centres and institutes are more formally structured than the other different kinds of research organizations on campus: the groups, projects, units, etc. (For a complete list of these centres, see below.)

Another, more varied group of centres are the resource centres, which offer a service of some kind to specific groups of people inside or outside the university. The service can range from academic or instructional, as in the case of the GlaxoSmithKline Clinical Education Centre or the Instructional Development Centre, to social, cultural, or supportive, as in the case of le Centre franÁophonie or the international centre. Such centres have various reporting relationships, are also usually led by a director, and also usually have formal constitutions which have been approved by the Senate. (For a complete list of these centres, see below.) The third main type of centre is a building or a complex of buildings which contains related services and organizations: the examples of this are the John Deutsch University Centre, the Physical and Health education centre, the agnes etherington art centre, and the Donald Gordon centre. And some student or community organizations officially independent of the university administration but located on campus also use the name "centre": examples of these are the women's centre and the sexual health and resource centre, and also the day care centre inc, which serves Queen's employees but is an independent corporation. For a description of centres of excellence, which are multi-university organizations, see under that heading.

Academic research Centres:

Centre for Automotive Materials and Manufacturing
Centre for International Relations
Centre for Neuroscience Studies
Centre for the Study of Democracy
Industrial Relations Centre
Centre for Knowledge-based Enterprises
Centre for Enterprise Development

Resource Centres:

Le Centre FranÁophonie
GlaxoSmithKline Clinical Education Centre
Environmental Health & Safety Centre
Executive Decision Centre
Fitness Centre
Instructional Development Centre
International Centre
Writing Centre

Centres of Excellence. These are umbrella organizations which bring together researchers from universities, industry, and government, working in similar fields, mostly in areas of strategic importance to the national or provincial economy. There are both federal and provincial centres of excellence ñ officially called Federal Networks of Centres of Excellence and Ontario Centres of Excellence. There are also Centres of Excellence funded by the Canadian International Development Agency, which coordinate research on specific development issues. In 1994, two centres of excellence had their head offices at Queen's: the ontario centre for materials research, a provincial centre; and the international centre for the advancement of community based rehabilitation, a CIDA-funded centre. insect biotech canada, which also has its head office at Queen's, was a federal centre for excellence until 1994, but its now funded on a different basis. Queen's researchers also participate in more than a dozen other federal and provincial centres of excellence that have their head offices at other universities.

CFRC Radio. This is Queen's own radio station, broadcasting a variety of alternative, non-commercial programming to Queen's, Kingston, and the surrounding area at FM 101.9. The station was the first radio broadcaster in Kingston and is one of the oldest in the country. Its forerunner, an experimental station called 9BT run by the Queen's Wireless Club, came on the air on October 7, 1922 with a summary of a football game between Queen's and the Hamilton Rowing Club. The station began broadcasting under its current call letters about a year later with the play-by-play of a Queen's-McGill game. The letters CFRC are said to stand for "Canada's Famous Rugby Champions," a reference to Queen's Grey Cup-winning teams of the early 1920s (football was then called rugby or rugby-football). The station was a CBC affiliate between 1936 and 1942 and during that time served as Kingston's main electronic source of national and international news. The current structure of the station dates roughly from 1957, when Margaret Angus was appointed by the university as the first full-time, paid Director of Radio, and the CFRC Radio Club was established. The Radio Club continues today as a group of volunteers from Queen's and Kingston who operate the station under the direction of the Station Manager, who in turn reports to the Dean of Student Affairs. The station plays a variety of rock, classical, folk, jazz, blues, and international music and also broadcasts drama and sporting events. Its power output of 3,000 watts gives CFRC a broadcast radius of about 100 kilometres. The station has broadcast in stereo since 1989. Among the station's most venerated alumni are actor Lorne Greene, CBC Radio's Shelagh Rogers, and Globe and Mail columnist Jeffrey Simpson. The station's history is told in the book In the Shadow of the Shield, by Arthur Zimmerman, Program Director of CFRC from 1984 to 1988.

Cha Gheill. This gaelic war cry, correctly pronounced "kay yi-al" and usually translated as "no surrender," is the rousing conclusion of Queen's traditional cheer (see below). The cheer is now used almost exclusively in the chorus of "Queen's College Colours," popularly known as the oil thigh song, but actually predates the song. It was composed in 1891 by three Gaelic-speaking students: Donald Cameron, F.A. McRae, and another called MacLean, whose first name is not known. It was incorporated into "Queen's College Colours" when the song was written in 1897. The term "Cha Gheill" is sometimes used separately ñ especially between older alumni at university occasions ñ as a jocular equivalent of "Cheers!" or as a salutation at the end of letters. The original cheer was:

Dearg! Gor'mus! Buidthe!

Oil Thigh na Banrighinn gu Brath!

Cha Gheill! Cha Gheill! Cha Gheill!

This translates as:
"Red! Blue! Yellow!/Queen's forever!/No surrender!" It is pronounced "Jarg! Gormoos! Boo-ee-ee-ee!/Oil Thigh na Banree gu Braw!/Kay Yi-al!" The words "Dearg! Gor'mus! Buidthe!" were later replaced by "Queen's! Queen's! Queen's!"

Chancellor. The Chancellor is the highest officer and the ceremonial head of the university. Modelled after similar positions at Scottish universities, the office was created in 1874 and first filled in 1877, although it was only enshrined in law in 1882 after a convoluted process. (For this story, see Royal Charter.) The Chancellor presides over Convocations, confers degrees, and chairs the annual meetings of the University Council. He or she is an ex officio, voting member of the Board of Trustees and many of its committees, including the Finance committee. The Chancellor is also a member of the University Council Executive Committee and the Honorary Degrees committee of the Senate. Joint Board-Senate committees for the selection of a Principal are normally chaired by the Chancellor. The Chancellor is elected for a renewable three-year term by the University Council. If there is more than one candidate, however, an election is conducted among Queen's graduates.

Chancellors since 1877:

The Rev John Cook (1877-1879)
Sir Sandford Fleming (1880-1915)
James Douglas (1915-1918)
The Rt Hon Sir Edward Beatty (1918-1923)
Sir Robert Laird Borden (1924-1929)
James Armstrong Richardson (1929-1939)
The Hon Charles Avery Dunning (1940-1958)
John Bertram Stirling (1960-1973)
The Rt Hon Roland Michener (1973-1980)
Dr. Agnes Mccausland Benidickson (1980-1996)
The Rt Hon Dr. Peter Lougheed (1996-2002)
A. Charles Baillie (2002-present)

Chaplain. The position of University Chaplain dates from the end of the Second World War. University officials, concerned about the special needs and difficulties of veterans returning to classes, hired a special "Advisor to Ex-Service Personnel," the Rev Jack Leng, to provide support and counsel for students. The position was given a broader mandate and retitled "University Chaplain" in 1947, when Leng was replaced by the Rev Dr a. marshall laverty. At that time the position was unique among Canadian universities; today it is becoming rare again, as other universities dispense with the office. Laverty filled the post until 1983 and became a veritable Queen's institution. The current Chaplain is the Rev Brian Yealland (1983-), who has reshaped and modernized the role. The Chaplain now has several main duties: he or she officiates at ceremonial university occasions such as convocation; assists students and staff on behalf of the university when there is a death or other serious occurrence in the family or on campus; and provides a source of counselling or support on a drop-in basis for all members of the Queen's community. The Chaplain also coordinates the chaplaincy team and the interfaith council. The position of Chaplain is officially a non-sectarian one, although all incumbents so far have been United Church ministers. The Chaplain's office is located in the physical education centre but will be re-locating to a renovated Polson Room in the John Deustch University Centre.

Chaplaincy Team. Led by the university's chaplain, the team is made up of clergy or lay representatives from all of the Christian ministries and groups working on campus. The team meets regularly and also organizes a variety of activities throughout the year, from worship services to group discussions and social events. It was established in 1983.

Chemical Engineering, Department of. Queen's has offered courses in chemical engineering since the turn of the century, when a four year BSc program in the subject was introduced in the Department of chemistry. A separate Department of Chemical Engineering was established in the Faculty of applied science in 1922. In its early years instruction focussed on the design and operation of specific manufacturing processes, in particular the production of explosives. Today, the department takes a more mathematical approach to the analysis of chemical equipment and processes and also offers a range of optional courses in such areas as biochemical engineering, pollution control, combustion processes, statistical analysis, and process control. Although the chemical engineering program is similar to the engineering chemistry program offered in the Department of chemistry, chemical engineers place more emphasis on the processes involved in manufacturing products than on the design of products themselves. The department has expanded enormously in recent decades. In 1957 there were only two full-time professors in the department; today, there are about 15. One of the most dramatic changes in the same period has been the increase in the number of women in the undergraduate program. There was only one woman in 1957, whereas more than half of the students in the program today are women. The department has been located in Dupuis Hall since 1966 and works in association with the Department of Engineering Chemistry.

Chemistry, Department of. Queen's first offered courses in chemistry in 1854 as part of the curriculum in the then-newly founded Faculty of medicine. It became a separate department in the Faculty of arts and science in 1858 when George Lawson was appointed Queen's Professor of Natural History and Chemistry. The department has also offered a degree program in Engineering Chemistry for students in the Faculty of applied science since the faculty was established in 1893. It offered a degree program in the slightly different field of chemical engineering from about 1900 until a separate department for the discipline was established in Applied Science in 1922. Its tradition of serious research dates from the 1920s, when original research became a major requirement in MA and MSc theses. The modern era of research began in the 1950s, when the first group of PhD students enrolled in the department. There are now more than 25 full-time faculty in the department. They teach and conduct research in the traditional areas of analytical, inorganic, organic, physical, and theoretical chemistry. There are also strong interdisciplinary programs in bioorganic, bioinorganic, biophysical, and polymer chemistry, as well as in catalysis and chemical physics. The department has occupied gordon hall since 1911, expanding into the attached Gordon Annex in 1949 and the Frost Wing in 1962. The department is scheduled to move out of the Gordon-Frost Wing in the spring of 2002 and will move into the new chemistry building, Chernoff Hall.

Chernoff Hall. Established through the efforts of the Chernoff family, this $57 million, state-of-the-art facility will be the new home to the Department of Chemistry upon completion in the Fall of 2002. Located on Queen's Crescent, adjacent to Victoria Hall, this 12,000 square metre, five-floor structure will house both "wet" sections (laboratory-based) and "dry" sections (administrative-based). The project was accomplished through the Campaign For Queen's. See Department of Chemistry.

Chinese Language Program. This program was established in the late 1990s to provide instruction in the Chinese language and culture. This tiny program features one full-time faculty who offers three years of language instruction. This program is located in Kingston Hall.

Chown Hall. Completed in 1960, this women's residence is located on stuart street just west of university avenue. It is named after May Chown (BA 1911), who was treasurer for many years of the Ban Righ Board.

Civil Engineering, Department of. Civil engineering first appeared in Queen's course calendar in the 1850s ñ the earliest mention of any engineering courses at the university. However, these courses were only the result of wishful thinking; Queen's had neither the facilities nor the professors to teach the subject at the time and, not surprisingly, no students registered for the courses. The real beginning of civil engineering had to wait until the establishment of the Queen's-affiliated ontario school of mining and agriculture in 1893. Robert Carr-Harris, a professor at the Royal Military College, taught the first courses in the subject that year, coming over from RMC for several hours each week. Work in the department originally focussed on structural and railway engineering and surveying, with hydraulics and highway engineering being added in the early decades of this century. Today, faculty in the department teach and conduct research in five main areas of engineering ñ environmental, geotechnical, hydrotechnical, structural, and transportation ñ utilizing mathematical modelling with computer simulation, physical model studies in various laboratories, and field studies. One of the department's most visible activities is the survey school for first year students after final exams, during which Queen's is crowded with students taking physical measurements of the campus. The department, which has close to 20 full-time faculty, has been housed in Ellis Hall since 1958.

Clark Hall. Built between 1949 and 1951, Clark Hall houses the Campus Bookstore, the Clark Hall Pub, run by engineering students, and the Engineering Society offices (see faculty societies). Its construction was funded by Faculty of applied science undergraduates, and it is named after Arthur Clark, Dean of Applied Science from 1919 until 1943. It is located on the west side of campus road on a site formerly occupied by the old mill, a machine shop for engineering students.

Clark Hall Pub. Located on the top floor of clark hall, this is Queen's oldest continuing pub. It has been in operation since 1971 and is run by the Engineering Society (see faculty societies). The pub has a capacity of about 160.

Clark, William Clifford (1889-1952). Clark was a professor of politics and economics at Queen's and one of the most influential Canadian public servants this century. He was born in Glengarry County in eastern Ontario and educated at Queen's, where he was an extraordinary student. In 1910 he earned a first class honours BA in Latin and French. Then he enrolled in English, History, and Politics and by 1912 took honours in those subjects as well ñ in effect, earning a total of five undergraduate degrees. After graduate studies at Harvard, he returned to Queen's in 1915 to teach politics and economics. In 1921, he turned to a career in business and spent most of the next decade with a real estate firm in Chicago. However, the onset of the Depression in 1929 left him deep in debt and he returned to teaching duties at Queen's. His old professor, oscar douglas skelton, by then a public servant, recruited him to Ottawa in 1932 and convinced Prime Minister R.B. Bennett (later a rector of Queen's) to appoint him deputy minister of finance. Clark greatly expanded the Department of Finance, was largely responsible for the creation of the Bank of Canada in 1935, and helped to lay the basis for the modern welfare state after the Second World War. He remained deputy minister until his death in 1952. See also ottawa and queen's, skelton-clark fellows.

Classics, Department of. Latin and Greek have been subjects of instruction and research at Queen's since the university held its first classes in March of 1842. The first professor the university ever hired, in fact, was a professor of Classics ñ the Rev peter colin campbell. Classics were at the core of the Arts curriculum throughout the 19th century and were considered indispensable in a complete education. Early on, the focus was exclusively on Latin and Greek grammar and translation, but by the 1860s there were lectures on "subjects connected with Grecian Literature and History," and by 1900 professors were enlivening their classes with social commentary and literary appreciation. As the century proceeded, the department lost much of its central position at the university as educational philosophy and ideals changed. But there has been a strong revival of interest in recent years. Undergraduate registration has increased dramatically since 1980 and the number of MA students has increased tenfold. The department has more than a half-dozen permanent faculty, and their areas of interest include Greek archaeology (Attica, Crete, Peleponnesus), Greek philosophy and literature, Roman history, and Latin literature. Women's history, Japanese art, and comparative studies of Canadian literature have also become research interests in recent years. The department is located in john watson hall and is part of the Faculty of Arts and Science.

Clinical Mechanics Group. This interdisciplinary research group focusses on the mechanical aspects of musculo-skeletal joint disease. Its activities include the diagnosis, treatment, and analysis of tissue properties. Examples of its work include designing artificial joints for the elbow, knuckle, toe, and knee, as well as studying standardized motion and alignment analysis methods for the hand and lower limb. Housed in the Syl and Molly Apps Medical Research Centre at the Kingston General Hospital, the group brings together researchers in the Departments of mechanical engineering, surgery, and community health and epidemiology, and the School of rehabilitation therapy. The group reports to the School of Graduate Studies and Research.

Clinical Trials Group. In 1980, the National Cancer Institute of Canada moved the national headquarters of its Clinical Trials Group to Queen's. The group's researchers and support staff are officially employees of Queen's, but the university receives funding for the operation of thegroup from the National Cancer Institute. The group coordinates thestudy of new cancer treatments and supportive cancer therapies at about 65 health-care institutions across Canada. Many of the Group's trials also include patients from centers outside of Canada. Canadian and international specialists in cancer work together with the central office at Queen's to design clinical studies to evaluate promising new treatments for cancer. The central office is also responsible for the overall coordination, assessment, and quality control of the group's work, as well as the analysis of study results. Most of its Queen's researchers have concurrent appointments in the Faculty of medicine, in the departments of community health and epidemiology, oncology, medicine, and pathology. The group's offices are located at 18 and 82-84 Barrie Street. The Director of the Group holds the Edith Eisenhauer Chair in Clinical Cancer Research and reports to the Dean of Medicine. The Group forms the Cancer Clinical Trials Division of the Cancer Research Institute at Queen's.

Coat of Arms. Queen's coat of arms is based on that of Edinburgh University, the institution after which Queen's itself was modelled. It consists of a gold shield with red edges, divided into four triangular compartments by a blue, diagonal St Andrew's cross, which represents the university's Scottish origins (St Andrew is the patron saint of Scotland). A golden book, symbolizing learning, sits open at the centre of the cross. In each of the four compartments is an emblem of the university's Canadian and British origins: a pine tree for Canada, a thistle for Scotland, a rose for England, and a shamrock for Ireland. The red colour of the border is a mark of cadency, indicating that Queen's is younger than Edinburgh University. The border is decorated with eight gold crowns, symbolic of queen victoria and the university's royal charter. The official heraldic description of the coat of arms is: "Or, on a saltire Azure between in chief a fir eradicated, in base a thistle stalked and in fess a red rose barbed, seeded, stalked and leaved all Proper and a trefoil Vert, an open book of the First, a bordure Gules charged with eight ancient crowns Gold." The whole shield is underlined by a banner with Queen's motto: Sapienta et Doctrina Stabilitas (Wisdom and knowledge shall be the stability of thy times).

The coat of arms appeared as early as 1850, but was not registered with the College of Arms in England until more than a century later, in 1953. The registration cost $600 and there is a story that the open crowns on the border were chosen in Queen's traditional, cost-conscious manner because they were $50 cheaper than closed crowns. The coat of arms was registered with the Scottish equivalent of the College of Arms, the Lord Lyon King of Arms, in 1981 and with the Canadian Heraldic Authority during Queen's Sesquicentennial Celebrations in 1991, at a ceremony presided over by Governor General Ramon Hnatyshyn. In 2000, the Coat of Arms was made part of the new Queen's Visual Identity. See also Logo.

Code of Conduct. In 1850, the Senate enacted a code of 18 rules for students; these included proscriptions against "impure and profane language," card games and "other games of chance," the keeping of dogs or firearms, and the use of "ardent spirits." They also required twice-a-day chapel attendance and laid down penalties as severe as expulsion for "habitual and incorrigible idleness." Today, students are still required to adhere to a Code of Conduct, but not only is the content of the present code rather different; it must also be obeyed by academic and non-academic staff as well. Except for some later amendments, the content of the present code dates from the early 1970s. In general, it requires that members of the university community obey the law and respect the rights of other members, including the rights of students and faculty to express dissent, and the rights of all to work or study free from undue disturbance. Specifically, it forbids theft, vandalism, wilful or negligent damage to university property, assault of any kind, criminal activity, discrimination, violation of human rights, or harassment of any kind (including that based on race, religion, gender, handicap, ethnicity, national origin or sexual orientation), academic dishonesty, disobedience of any official of the university acting within the scope of their authority, and any other violation of the published rules and regulations of the university or its rule-making bodies. It also contains specific and more recently added injunctions against street parties and violation of alcohol laws.

The Senate has the final responsibility for enforcing the Code, but initial responsibility for enforcing it where students are concerned (except the parts dealing with academic dishonesty) has been delegated to the Alma Mater Society and the Society of Graduate and Professional Students, consistent with the university's long tradition of student self-government (see discipline, student). Sanctions can range from enforced restitution or community service work to expulsion. In the early 1980s, a controversy arose when University officials added an additional clause to the Code, proscribing behaviour that tended "to bring the University and its student body into disrepute." Student leaders protested that the clause was too general and could be used to prevent political protest or criticism of the university. "Clause G" was eventually rescinded.

Colborne Street. Queen's became a university in more than name on this north-end Kingston street in 1842. On March 7 of that year, the university's first classes were held in a small frame house at 67 Colborne Street, Queen's first home. Two professors, Principal thomas liddell and peter colin campbell, and 13 students were present. The professors immediately examined the students ñ seven of whom were studying for the Presbyterian ministry ñ on the first three books of Virgil's Aeneid and the first three of Caesar's Commentaries. Ten students passed and were admitted "as members of the University"; the other three were invited to stay and make what progress they could with the help of tutors. Queen's stayed in the rented house for only six months, after which it moved to a stone house on Princess Street. Remarkably, that original Colborne Street house still stands, though a small porch and a veneer of red brick have since been added. See also original property, original buildings, Thomas Wardrope.

College Street. The street, which runs from union street to just south of Princess Street near Sir John A Macdonald Boulevard, is so named because it runs along a site which was once intended to be Queen's campus. The university bought 50 acres of land in the area in 1840, but could not afford to build on it. It was sold off piece by piece between the 1840s and 1878.

Colour Night. This semi-formal awards banquet has been held each spring since 1936 to recognize the outstanding athletic achievements of Queen's students. The two top awards presented each year are the Jenkins Trophy and the PHE ë55 Alumnae Trophy, which go to the top graduating male and female athletes who have brought the most honour to Queen's with their athletic and scholastic ability.

Colours, University. Queen's official colours are gold, blue, and red. The familiar tricolour appears on the university's flag, crest, sports jerseys, and on numerous souvenirs, clothes, publications, and promotional material. The colours were chosen in 1884 by a committee of the president of the alma mater society and the captains of the university's football and soccer teams. Previously, the only formally designated colours at the university belonged to the soccer team, whose members wore "dark red stockings, white knickerbockers, and dark-blue jerseys." The committee picked red, blue, and gold after weeks of debate because they were the main colours of the university's coat of arms. Some doubted the wisdom of choosing such a vibrant combination. One American newspaper wrote of Queen's touring hockey team in 1899: "The visitors presented rather an odd appearance, because their skating costume contains such a combination of colours as to make the players look like animated sticks of candy or skating barber poles." By early this century, however, the red, gold, and blue had become a Queen's trademark and its teams had come to be known as the "Tricolour," a nickname superseded only in recent decades by "golden gaels." Most of Queen's faculties and many of its schools also have official colours. arts and science, applied science, and medicine were first to choose and divided up the tricolour, picking, respectively, red, gold, and blue ñ colours that are most evident in the faculty jackets worn by many students.

Commerce. See Business, School of.

Commerce Society. See Faculty Societies.

Commercial Bank of the Midland District. The collapse of this Ontario-based bank in the mid 19th century nearly precipitated the death of Queen's. The bank handled Queen's accounts in the university's early years and, when it collapsed in 1867, it took two-thirds of Queen's endowment with it. The failure, combined with the withdrawal of the university's government grant in the same year, triggered a financial crisis at Queen's. The university narrowly avoided collapse after a desperate fundraising campaign across Canada led by Principal William Snodgrass and Professor James Mackerras, who permanently destroyed his health working on his campaign. See also funding.

Common Ground.Constructed in the summer of 2000, Common Ground is the first student-run food and entertainment centre available on campus. Run out of the John Deutsch University Centre, The coffee house offers a large number of food, drinks and baked goods, as well as utilizing the Skylight Lounge for concerts, debates and poetry-readings. A large assortment of Fine Art student works are displayed in the lounge area. Common Ground reports to the Alma Mater Society.

Community Health and Epidemiology, Department of. This department was established in 1968 to study the incidence of diseases in Canadian communities, and ways to reduce public risk. Since then, the discipline has broadened considerably and the department is also responsible for teaching and conducting research in areas as diverse as health policy evaluation and biostatistical methodology. An MSc program in the field was established in 1972 and now enrols approximately 10-15 new students each year. There are about 12 full-time faculty in the department, which is part of the Faculty of Health Sciences. See also Clinical Trials Group.

Computing and Information Science, Department of. Studies in computing began at Queen's in 1960 in the Faculty of applied science. The early base for computing activity was the Computing Centre in ellis hall, which was administered by Applied Science until 1965, when it was taken over by the new computing services department. Primary responsibility for teaching and research in computing switched to the present Department of Computing and Information Science, in the Faculty of arts and science, on the establishment of the department in 1968. Located in goodwin hall since 1972, the department has grown rapidly since its early days, reflecting the increasing importance of computers in the modern world. There were eight full-time faculty in the department in 1970; today, there are close to 22 plus six cross-appointed faculty members. The department established an MSc program in 1974, an undergraduate honours program in the mid-70's, and a PhD program in 1985. It offers a wide range of courses in both the theoretical and practical sides of the subject, as well as in applied areas such as computer vision, robotics, artificial intelligence, software design and a new Biomedical Computing Program. The department also operates extensive computing facilities at the leading edge of technology. See also Artificial Intelligence Unit.

Concurrent Education Students' Association. See faculty societies.

Conference Services. In the spring and summer, Queen's main campus turns into a busy conference centre, with the residences providing accommodation for over 18,000 guests from diverse Canadian and international organizations. Conference Services is responsible for the coordination of these conferences. It has evolved from a small offshoot of the Department of Extension (the precursor of part-time studies) to a major source of revenue for the university. The Department of Extension first supervised conference activity when it began to grow in the late 1960s. Later, in the mid 1970s, the operation moved to the Residence Office, and in 1981 it moved again, becoming the responsibility of the director of the donald gordon centre, the university's year-round conference centre. In 1989, the university contracted out both the management of the Donald Gordon Centre and the coordination of spring and summer conferences (the job of Conference Services) to a private management company. Conference Services staff still work closely with other university departments, particularly food services and campus security. They cooperate to provide food, meeting spaces, audio-visual assistance, parking, recreation, and accommodation for the organizations that book conferences at Queen's from May to August. Revenue generated from these conferences goes mostly to support Queen's residences. Conference Services is located in Victoria Hall. The office reports to the associate dean (student affairs).

Connell families. "Connell" is the most prominent name in the history of Queen's Faculty of Health Sciences ñ thanks, oddly, to two unrelated families. Between about 1900 and 1970, these two families produced one Dean of Medicine, two heads of the Department of Medicine, and one of the faculty's most distinguished researchers. The first Connell associated with Queen's was James Cameron Connell (1863-1947). Born in Ayr, Ontario, he graduated from the university's medical school in 1888 and in 1892 was appointed a professor in the department of Ear, Eye, Nose and Throat (now two departments, ophthalmology and otolaryngology). A skilled surgeon and a respected teacher, he was appointed Dean of Medicine in 1903. He served in the post until 1929, guiding the faculty through the difficulties of the First World War and a period of rapid growth. He was one of Queen's senior figures when he retired from medicine in 1929 and served as the university's acting principal in 1930. His son, Hendry Connell, followed in his footsteps as an ear, eye, nose, and throat specialist at Queen's. However, his real love was medical research and he made his name in the 1930s with research into an widely-publicized enzyme compound called Ensol, which was for some time thought to be a promising treatment for cancer.

The second family of Connells arrived at Queen's shortly after the first. Walter Thomas Connell (1873-1964) was born in Spencerville, Ontario and graduated from Queen's medical school in 1894. He was appointed the following year as a professor of pathology and bacteriology at the university. During the First World War he served as senior physician with Queen's military hospital in Egypt (see wartime at queen's). He became head of the faculty's Department of Medicine after the war and served in the post until 1941, when his son, Dr Walter Ford Connell, took over. He retired from the faculty as its most senior member in 1950, after a total of 55 years of teaching. His son, generally known by his middle name, Ford, to avoid confusion, was born in 1906 and graduated with a medical degree from Queen's in 1929. After a period of study in England, he returned to Queen's in 1933 as a professor in the Department of Medicine, where he rapidly developed a reputation as one of Canada's foremost specialists in heart disease. He led the Department from 1941 until his retirement in 1968 and has remained active in the local medical community since. The name Connell lives on at Queen's in the Walter T. Connell Wing of Kingston General Hospital, established in 1960, and numerous other facilities and lectures which bear the name.

Continuing Medical Education Office. This office assesses the educational needs of physicians in southeastern Ontario and develops educational programs to help them maintain and update their skills. It also tries to foster close links between physicians in the region and those in Kingston's tertiary care institutions. The office sponsors visiting speakers, mounts symposia and courses at Queen's and in regional centres, provides the opportunity for clinical traineeships at Queen's, and offers national medical conferences. The office, which opened in the 1960s, is part of the Faculty of Health Sciences and is located at 78 Barrie Street.

Convocation Hall. For most of this century, this grand room occupying the second and third floors in the northeast wing of Theological Hall has been used mainly as a theatre by the Department of Drama. But between 1878, when the building opened, and the completion of Grant Hall in 1905, Convocation Hall was Queen's main assembly room. It was used for all major ceremonies, including convocations; it was also used for the university's weekly church services, usually led by Principal George Grant. To suit its important role, the hall was fitted with stained glass windows, paintings, commemorative plaques, decorative brickwork, and carved wooden beams, most of which have been either removed or covered. Before Theological Hall was built, an earlier Convocation Hall existed in the old medical building.

Convocations. The first Convocation ceremony in Queen's history took place on June 2, 1847, when the Senate awarded degrees to the University's first three graduates, probably in St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church. It was not until 1858 that convocations got their first designated, on-campus home: in a special Convocation Hall, constructed as part of the Old Medical building. The University soon outgrew that venue: that hall was dismantled after a bigger, more splendid Convocation Hall was included in Theological Hall, opened in 1878. That hall and its name both survive; but convocations soon moved on again, this time to the yet more spacious Grant Hall, completed in 1905. And after the rapid growth of Queen's in the 1950s and 1960s, convocations moved to the Jock Harty Arena in the early 1970s, although fall ceremonies continue to be held at Grant Hall. With the dismantling of Jock Harty Arena in 2007 (to make way for the new student life and athletics facility, the Queen's Centre), Grant Hall has become the host location for spring ceremonies as well.

Convocations have always been a time for pomp and circumstance. Until the 1950s, however, they were also frequently marked by rowdy behaviour, as students were notorious for drowning out speakers with catcalls and other noise and were even known to pelt the audience with assorted vegetables. The ceremonies have become quieter in recent decades, and also much bigger. There are now more than 20 ceremonies every year, attracting more than 3,000 graduating students (more than 4,000 students qualify to graduate every year, but not all attend convocation). The main features of the convocation ceremony are a speech to the graduands by the Principal, a speech by the Honorary Graduate or gust speaker - a tradition that dates from the granting of the first honorary degree in 1858 - and the granting of degrees by the Chancellor. Traditional music includes "Flourish for the Chancellor," an organ composition written specially for convocation by Queen's music professor Fred Clarke.

Convocations are organized by the Convocation Coordinator in the University Secretariat and by the Office of the University Registrar. The Convocation Coordinator, a position currently combined with that of Associate Secretary of the Board of Trustees, is responsible for the main logistical arrangements and coordinates the work of other departments involved in the ceremony, including Physical Plant Services, Information Technology Services, Marketing and Communications, CFRC Radio, Enviromental Health and Safety, and Health, Counselling and Disability Services. The Registrar's office compiles the list of graduands and award winners, informs them of the time and place of convocation, produces diplomas, prints the convocation programs, and works with the Alma Mater Society's Hoods and Convocation Service to supply students with hoods and gowns. The Senate Academic Procedures Committee has authority for approving the list of graduands. The Senate Honorary Degrees Committee makes recommendations to the Senate for the award of honorary degrees.

Cook, The Rev John (1805-1892). Cook is the only person so far to serve in both of the university's top posts: he was principal from 1857 to 1859, and chancellor from 1877 to 1879. Born in Dumfriesshire, Scotland, he was educated at the universities of Glasgow and Edinburgh and ordained as a Presbyterian clergyman in 1835. He sailed to Canada a year later to take charge of a parish in Quebec City. He was a member of Queen's first board of trustees and was selected Principal in 1857. He agreed to take the post reluctantly, only in order to lend stability to the university after a long period in which Queen's had only an acting Principal and in which there was bitter feuding among faculty. He returned to Quebec after a successor, william leitch, was found in 1859. He became Principal of Morrin College, Quebec, in 1861 and retained that post until his death. He was chosen Queen's first Chancellor in 1877 as a tribute to one of the university's few remaining founders, and served in the post until 1879. Cook also played a prominent part in bringing about the union of Presbyterian churches in Canada and was the first moderator of the Presbyterian Church in Canada.

Co-ordinator of Dispute Resolution Mechanisms. The Co-ordinator of Dispute Resolution Mechanisms is available to provide assistance to students with both academic and non-academic problems or appeals. When you need information about a University policy or procedure or you are unsure which policies, procedures, or regulations apply in your situation, or when you feel a policy, procedure or regulation has been unfairly or erroneously applied to you, you should contact the Co-ordinator. Although the Co-ordinator cannot provide legal advice or act as an advocate in a dispute, this office helps students identify and evaluate options for resolution, and may act as an impartial facilitator, conciliator, or mediator in problem-solving and conflict situations with faculty, staff, or others. A Queen’s staff member also may ask for advice and assistance from the Co-ordinator. The Co-ordinator of Dispute Resolution Mechanisms can be reached by telephone at (613) 533-6495 (the voice mail is confidential if you need to leave a message), or by e-mail at drm@post.queensu.ca

Correctional Law Project. This specialized legal aid clinic in Queen's Faculty of law was founded in 1978 by law professor Ronald Price. The project has two interrelated purposes: to provide legal advice, assistance and representation in the area of correctional law to inmates of the Kingston area's 11 federal penitentiaries; and to provide clinical legal education in the field of correctional law to law students, who can work at the clinic as part of an upper-year course. The project is funded by the Ontario Legal Aid Plan and the Faculty of Law. It is located in John A. Macdonald Hall.

Continuing and Distance Studies. Queen's became the first university in North America to offer "distance education" in 1889. In that year the Senate formalized an earlier practice, and announced that it would permit arts and science students who could not attend classes to write the final exam, if they completed assignments by mail. From the start "extension" studies were intended mostly for teachers, who until 1973 did not need a university degree to get a teaching certificate, but often wanted one to improve their career prospects. Teachers duly dominated Queen's correspondence enrolment until the early 1970s, although after 1914 a growing number of students also signed up for special correspondence-only professional courses offered by Queen's in banking and accounting (see School of business). At first correspondence students had to come to Queen's to write their exams. That changed in 1892, when three students from western Canada lobbied successfully to be allowed to take their exams locally under a Queen's representative. The idea of bringing university education to Canada's frontiers, at a time when there was no university in Canada west of Toronto, meshed well with Principal george grant's national vision, and from then on local exam centres proliferated, until by 1931 there were 197 centres in all, from St John's, Newfoundland, to Victoria, BC.

About 1900, the university started to require that students spend at least one year attending Queen's "intramurally" before they could obtain a degree. This requirement was dropped in 1971, but until then it was largely responsible for the flourishing of Queen's summer school, formally founded in 1910 (see separate entry). Correspondence enrolment in both arts and science courses and Queen's special non-degree credit business courses peaked in the early 1960s at about 8,000. At this time Queen's dominated the field in university correspondence studies in Canada, and many Canadian teachers had received a degree by correspondence from Queen's. Enrolment declined sharply during the 1970s, but it is on the rise again with the returning popularity of the idea of "lifelong learning." Correspondence courses are now offered only in the Faculty of Arts and Science.

Corry, James Alexander (1899-1985). Corry was Queen's 13th principal (1961-1968) and one of Canada's most distinguished professors of politics and law. Born in Millbank, Ontario, he was educated at the University of Saskatchewan (LLB 1923) and Oxford University (BCL 1927), which he attended on a Rhodes Scholarship. He taught law at the University of Saskatchewan (1927-1936) and then moved to Queen's to become Hardy Professor of Political Science. At Queen's he wrote Democratic Government and Politics, which became a standard on academic bookshelves and introduced thousands of students in Canada and the United States to political studies. He was vice-principal from 1951 to 1961, during which time he played a leading role in the founding of Queen's faculty of law. He was selected Principal in 1961. His term coincided with the great demographic boom of the 1960s, the rapid growth of Canadian universities, and far-reaching changes at Queen's. More than ten buildings were constructed or expanded during his principalship and the faculty of education was founded at the university's new west campus. As Queen's grew Corry realized the Principal could not maintain his traditional personal involvement in all the aspects of day-to-day administration. He handed the various faculties and departments a considerable degree of independence, most notably in the area of staffing. The pace of growth put great demands on his time and he declared on his retirement in 1968 that he had been "more of a caretaker than an innovating educator." But the care he took guided Queen's smoothly into a new era in education. After his retirement he was visiting professor at several universities and continued occasional teaching at Queen's. He died in Kingston. His personal papers are held at Queen's Archives.

Counselling. See student counselling service, employee assistance program.

Craine Building. Completed in 1938, the Craine Building houses part of the Department of psychology. The larger part of the department, including its administrative offices, is located in humphrey hall, which adjoins the Craine Building on the north. The Craine Building was the first of many at Queen's to be constructed with a facing of buff-coloured Queenston limestone instead of the usual, grey Kingston limestone. It is named in honour of Agnes Douglas Craine, who graduated in 1888 from the Queen's-affiliated women's medical college and practised medicine in Smiths Falls all her life. She endowed the building specifically for teaching and research in biochemistry and it was used for that purpose until the 1970s.

Crest. See Coat of Arms.

Crosbie, John Carnell (1931-). This colourful and controversial politician was probably one of Queen's highest-profile alumni throughout the 1980s and early 1990s. A native of St John's, Newfoundland, he entered Queen's in 1949 and graduated with the university's gold medal for politics in 1953. He practised law in St John's in the late 1950s and the 1960s and served in the municipal and provincial governments in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Elected to the House of Commons in 1976, he was Minister of Finance in Joe Clark's short-lived minority government of 1979, which was defeated in a vote of no confidence over Crosbie's budget. In 1983 he contested the party leadership, finishing third behind Brian Mulroney and Joe Clark. After the Conservatives were elected in 1984, he served in several senior cabinet posts under Prime Minister Mulroney, most notably as Minister of Fisheries and Oceans. He retired from federal politics in 1993.

CUPE. See Unions.

Curtis, Guy (1869-1930). The rarely-used third verse of Queen's oil thigh song calls on students to "Remember Captain Curtis and the conquerors of Yale." Despite this exhortation, few people today remember the first thing about Guy Curtis, even though he was one of the most famous figures in Queen's and Canadian athletics at the turn of the century. Curtis was a two-sport star who led Queen's to a dazzling array of national, provincial, and intercollegiate titles in football and hockey. And this was at a time when the university played, not in college leagues, but against the very best teams in Canada and even the US. He led Queen's to a Canadian football title in 1893, for example, and his hockey teams appeared in three Stanley Cup finals around the turn of the century. The "conquerors of Yale" mentioned in the song were members of the hockey team of 1897 who beat Yale for the unofficial title of intercollegiate champions of North America. Curtis's academic record was less spectacular: in fact, it was an embarrassment. He played on Queen's teams for an astonishing 16 years, beginning in 1886 and ending, numerous failed courses later, in 1902. He then retired to the quiet life of an innkeeper in his home town of Delta, northeast of Kingston, and died in 1930.